The liver and gallbladder are vital organs of the digestive system, working together to support digestion, metabolism, and detoxification. Understanding their anatomy helps in recognizing how liver and gallbladder diseases develop and are treated. The liver is the largest internal organ of the human body, located in the right upper abdomen beneath the diaphragm. It is divided into right and left lobes, with further segmentation into eight functional segments. This segmental anatomy is clinically important, especially during liver surgery. The liver receives a dual blood supply: oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein. Blood exits the liver through the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava. The liver performs essential functions such as bile production, metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, detoxification of harmful substances, and storage of vitamins and glycogen. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ attached to the undersurface of the liver. Anatomically, it consists of three parts: the fundus, body, and neck. Its main role is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver. During digestion, especially after fatty meals, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile into the common bile duct, which empties into the small intestine. The bile duct system includes the right and left hepatic ducts, which join to form the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct from the gallbladder joins this to form the common bile duct, carrying bile to the duodenum. A healthy liver and gallbladder are essential for proper digestion and overall metabolic balance. Any anatomical or functional abnormality can lead to conditions such as gallstones, jaundice, or liver disease, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and medical care.